Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide [2009]

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Jointly Organised by INFLIBNET Centre and CEC

29th - 30th January, 2009

Jacaranda Hall, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003

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Browsing Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide [2009] by Issue Date

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    Metadata Standards for Textual and Multimedia Content
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Prasad, ARD; Madalli, Devika P
    Metadata, data about data, describes objects of various multimedia content and types. One of the main functions of metadata is aiding in retrieval of the objects that it describes. However, with the emergence of semantic web technologies the role of metadata is changing. Paper discusses some of the important metadata schema. It highlights issues of ‘glut’ by way of a plethora of metadata that are emerging. In the given scenario, it is essential to devise a method for achieving interoperability among similar metadata standards.
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    Towards EDUSAT II
    (INFLIBNET Center, 2009-01-29) Bhatia, Bhupendra Singh
    EDUSAT was launched in September 2004. Given a life span of about seven years, it would be available till 2011. In case the services need to be continued, a replacement of the satellite would be necessary. Given the requirement of a lead time of about two years for designing assembling and launching a spacecraft, the preparations should start latest by 2009 accordingly. It is therefore, it has been envisaged to the type and replacement required for EDUSAT including the associated changes involved according to the experience. This paper is an attempt to briefly review the evolution of satellite based education system in the country and the achievements of EDUSAT. It examines the experiences with the present space and ground configurations and discusses the possible changes for improvement and continuity of services. The need for establishing structures for meeting the operational and managerial requirements is also discussed.
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    Digital Preservation: An Overview*
    (2009-01-29) Arora, Jagdish
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    Epitaph of Digital Distribution : A Restorative Conundrum
    (INFLIBNETCentre, 2009-01-29) Vaish, Anurika
    Advancement in the information and communication technology (ICT) has taken us in to the ‘information age’ and has given rise to ‘digital economy’ and form a part of the infrastructure sector of the digital economy. The two most important tools of ICT responsible for these unprecedented changes are ‘computers’ and ‘internet’. We can very well imagine the magnitude of development and success if these are made available to common people. But making these tools available to common people is a Herculean task and this has given rise to the issue of ‘digital– divide’, i.e. “disparities/differences based on economic status, geographic location, between those who ‘have’ or ‘do not have’ access to information, internet and other information and communication technological services and those who ‘have’ or ‘do not have’ the skills, knowledge and abilities to use information, internet and other information and communication technologies”. Hence this study/research is an another step ahead to find out real nature and the extent of digital divide existing in India and to suggest ways and means to bridge the gap between those who ‘have’ and ‘have not’ access to information and communication tools and services.
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    Virtual University: Ways to Make it Real
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Mohanty, B; Jain, Rakshak
    Major forces such as encouraging the implementation of e-Learning in India, reduction in educational budget, competitive threats, changing profile of learner and the vast geographic area are in demand. With the rapid advancement in computer & software and convergence of it with telecommunication technology, it is possible to make education more accessible, more flexible and less expensive. It is not a distant dream that pockets of e-learning existing in India will be networked and Virtual University networks will be created. However, it is also true that educational projects are never better than the pedagogy they are based on. It is a fact that learning takes place in the brain of a learner and is greatly depends on memory retention and recall, thus, all our pedagogical approaches should attempt to enhance it. Virtualization of university is an internet paradigm which requires completely different technology oriented methodology with technology compatible pedagogical framework. This paper focuses on distance learning concept, then moves on to open and distance learning approach, furthermore it discusses the Information and Communication Technology enabled open distance learning concept which leads to virtualization process of universities. This paper also throws light on some of the important concepts related with information and communication technology enabled open distance learning based virtual university such as e-learning, online learning and flexible learning. Actually, e-learning implementation is the most effective way to achieve virtual university concept. Some of the e-learning applications such as e-content, learning objects, open educational recourses, and open courseware are also clarified in this paper. All these concepts pertaining to virtualization of universities are heavily dependent upon successful distribution and delivery of content. There are two types of delivery concepts in any open distance learning approach; synchronous and asynchronous. The paper suggests that it would be beneficial if virtualization process of any university adopts both the concepts of content deliveryThe problems associated with Indian universities and institutes, which can be addressed by information and communication technology enabled virtual university implementation, are also mentioned in this paper. It also discusses some advantages and generic elements associated with virtual university. Further, some essential implementation steps and requirements in the process of achieving information and communication technology based virtual university are formulated and given. This paper also comprises an e-learning based content development model and gets concluded with some of the limitations of information and communication technology based learning environment, and recent technology for virtual university.
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    A Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) Initiation:
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Kaur, Sarbjot; Aggarwal, Sunil
    The era of information and communication technology has created web-based learning environment and led to the digital and virtual educational systems. With elearning mode classrooms have been changed to virtual classroom. Libraries can be seen in the midst of so many innovations, progressing towards their new vision and goal to be the part of the virtual world in its true sense, where there is no barrier between information and information seekers. Libraries are undergoing phase of developmental changes even unaware of so many challenges. Today’s hybrid libraries are favouring electronic learning objects and facilitating end users with the help of innovative semantic interoperability. Extensive use of online resources in the developing countries like India, which is geographically very vast and varied, provoked the authorities of educational system to incorporate web-based learning system to facilitate the distant user who are physically deprived from the learning in form of education. Various institutions and databases are providing access to elearning objects, though they have their own ways for creating metadata. The precision value is quite low at standardized retrieval points which also vary from interface to interface, therefore, to share all these resources and for their easy exchange, a set of rules and specifications are required. Here comes Sharable Content Object Reference Model in picture, a set of rules and specification developed by Advanced Distributed Learning for setting the compatibility between e-learning object and learning management systems or tools. This paper has been divided into three sections. First one discusses the holistic nature of problem in terms of spatial changes in library architecture, change in the definition of learning object and perception and training problems of the librarians in the current scenario. Second section includes the six case studies with respect to websites of Google, Wikipedia, Merlot Open source learning project, Massachusetts institute ofTechnology, social sciences research network and consortium of educational communication. Third section carries over the insight of the first two sections to throw light on the key role of standards for the proper integration of learning management systems specifically Sharable Content Object Reference Model and the level of awareness and preparation vis-à-vis the same.
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    Issues and Strategies in Digital Preservation
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Harineeswaran, V; Nithyananda, K
    This paper provides an overview of the major digital preservation activities and preservation of digital records, developed in the library and Information science in order to identify factors that play a key role in ensuring the long term preservation of the records. The paper presents the principles, digital preservation issues and its strategies.
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    Web 2.0 and Library 2.0
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Sivakumar, G
    Internet’s rapid growth and broad penetration, along with affordable enabling Web 2.0 technolgies, has not only democratized access to information but also catalyzed open access publishing which has contributed majorly to the explosion of freely available digital information. This phenomenon poses tremendous challenges, and opportunities, for Libraries and Librarians in delivering on their core mission of facilitating research, teaching, and learning in discovering, collecting, organizing and preserving invaluable knowledge from this vast information base. In this paper we explore how Web 2.0 technologies can be effectively harnessed for the evolution of libraries to their 2.0 version.
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    Virtual Learning Environment: Issues and Challenges before LIS Schools and Libraries
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Singh, Ibohal; Devi, Madhur
    There has been a sea change in the ways how education is provided with the application of new ICTs. Providing LIS Education in Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) has become an issue today. Delivery of library services has also been in existence such an environment. As such it is a big issue and challenges before the LIS Schools and Libraries. The present paper highlighting VLE, Virtual Community, Characteristic features, objectives, Issues, Essentialities, Choice of content etc of, LIS Education in VLE, etc emphasizes on the American Experience, IGNOU initiatives in India concluded that Indian LIS Schools should adopt virtual learning system.
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    Library 2.0 : Innovative Technologies for Building Libraries of Tomorrow*
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Arora, Jagdish
    The concept of Library 2.0 is borrowed from that of Web 2.0 and Business 2.0 and follows some of the same underlying philosophies. Library 2.0 encompasses a range of new and contemporary technological tools and techniques that are used for evolving collaborative environment required for Library 2.0. These tools and techniques can broadly be grouped into five categories, i.e. i) Synchronous Communication: Instant messaging; ii) Content Delivery: RSS Feed, HTML Feed, Streaming Media, Podcasting, Vodcasting and SMS Enquiry Services; iii) Collaborative Publishing Tools: Blogs and Wikis; iv) Collaborative Service Platforms: Social Networks, Tagging, Social Bookmarking Services; and v) Hybrid Applications, Programs and Programming Tools: Mashups, AJAX, API and Toolbar. These tools and techniques are useful for libraries in providing new services and making existing services available in new and interesting ways. Implementation of some of these tools and techniques are likely to improve reputation and standing of libraries in the community. Some of them may successfully attract new patrons to the library, others may help to retain existing members or make libraries even more important as centres of the culture and history of their cities and academic institutions. Some of the new services may remain unused, however, since feedback and public opinion is a vital component of Library 2.0, such services may be abandoned in favour of other services that are better accepted by the users. Some of those changes may be viewed as disruptive, while others may not be feasible or applicable to all libraries. These new services and ongoing changes are likely to make libraries more interesting, more relevant, and better acceptable place.Library 2.0 proposes to bring revolutionary changes in libraries that are bound to bring about conceptual, cultural and physical changes in libraries to keep pace with the changes in communities and their information seeking behaviour. Applications of Web 2.0 technologies in libraries will result in a meaningful and substantive change in libraries, its collection, services and methods of delivery of services. The library’s collection will change, becoming more interactive and fully accessible. The library’s services will change, focusing more on the facilitation of information transfer and information literacy rather than providing controlled access to it. The implications of these revolutionary technologies are enormous and are discussed in the paper.
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    Information and Communication Technology in Academic Libraries
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Arora, Jagdish
    Information technology refers to mosaic of technologies, products and techniques combined to provide new electronic dimensions to information and retrieval activities. The term information technology represents convergence of three strands of technologies, namely computer, microelectronics and communications. It is used to describe products and services that came-up with rapid changes in computer and communication technologies and their fusion. The libraries and information centres have always been quick to find applications of new information technologies in their libraries. Today’s modern libraries perform most of their functions using software packages that are now available off-the-shelf. It has their catalogues available on the Internet with a web-based search interface along with links to resources either acquired through external agencies or created in-house. Most such libraries are on the Campus network with CD ROM networks put-in place to serve the information requirement of their academic community. Several libraries have taken-up small-scale digitisation projects for part of their collection. The librarians and information professionals are required to develop skills that are required to use, develop and maintain IT-based services and products used by today’s libraries. Rapid changes in information technologies and their adoption in libraries during past three decades have drastically changed the functions and activities of information professionals in libraries. The article deals with new information technologies, their applications in libraries and their products and services. It describes webbased library services that are modified versions of existing services and technology-driven new web-based library services.
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    Open Source Movement and Education: Opportunities and Implications
    (INFLIBNET Centre, 2009-01-29) Sasikumar, M

Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) and the Information Library Network (INFLIBNET) the two Inter-University Centres (IUC's) of the University Grants Commission (UGC) were set up with common facilities as IUC's equipped with infrastructure for research and academic activity in the universities of higher education in the country considering the fact that heavy investment on infrastructure and other cost-intensive central facilities may be beyond the reach of individual institutions. CEC and the INFLIBNET Centre of UGC provide information support for education and research in colleges and universities through their services and facilities. While CEC concentrates on creation and dissemination of multimedia-based learning resources, the INFLIBNET specialises in textual-based information retrieval services through its union databases and by facilitating access to full-text and bibliographic e-resources through consortium arrangements. Both the organizations make intensive use of Internet, Web and other communication technology to develop and disseminate their services. While both the institutions work primarily for the same goal, albeit separately, there is a lot of scope for the them to cooperate, coordinate and collaborate in the process of creation, development and dissemination their resources and services. The Internet and Web technology offer virtual environment that facilitate collaboration, hitherto, not possible in the traditional communication system. There is, therefore, an opportunity to examine and evaluate the activities, services and functionalities of the two institutions, identify gaps in resources, services and infrastructure and flag potential areas of coordination and collaboration. The two organizations may also redefine their roles in changing scenario and identify modalities to work in tandem with inputs from their users and experts in Media, Communication and Library Information Science.